Expanding Disparity and Polarization of Metropolitan Areas after 1980s:

The Wage Gap between Metropolitan and Non-metropolitan Areas

In the literature on measured wage inequality, only one recent study, by Glaeser and Mare′ (2001), has focused on the enormous wage gap between urban and non-urban workers in the United States. In the present paper, I replicate and extend Glaeser and Mare′’s original empirical work, and I present a new interpretation of the evidence based on my re-estimation. Contrary to Glaeser and Mare′’s the...

Application of Polycentric Urban Region concept in Iran’s Metropolitan Areas

Application of Polycentric Urban Regions concept in Iran’s Metropolitan Areas Theoretical Origin: Looking at the research on polycentric urban regions, two approaches can be distinguished: The first approach: looking upon the similarity of a polycentric urban region with geographic theories centered around polycentric cities or some others as attitudes including garden cities, urban networks ...

Prioritization and Risk Management Model in Metropolitan Areas (Case Study of Mashhad Metropolis)

Introduction Today, risk management is an important part of the tasks of managers of organizations, institutions and geographical zones. This situation is more urgent in cities and for urban managers because cities are faced with different incidents due to concentration of resources and population, and urban managers seek to manage and control risk events in a way that minimizes damage and cas...

the geopolitics of afghanistan after september 11, 2001, and its impact on iranian national security

abstract u.s. attack to afghanistan after 9/11 provided opportunities for us who tried to become the dominant power after collapse of ussr and bipolar world. thinkers like fukuyama believed american liberal democrats thought would be universally accepted without resistances. liberal democracy is the best and final model of governance; in this regard, united state has moral responsibilities for...

How Metropolitan Areas Are Failing America’s Children